Money Is The Biggest Motivator Commerce Essay

Cash Is The Biggest Motivator Commerce Essay Cash is the greatest inspiration of individuals at the work environment. A great many people are persuaded by cash. As indicated by Alison Griffiths, columnist of Metro Canada, review demonstrated that 53 percent of Baby Boomers in Canada wanted to acquire more cash while 32 percent of them planned to start an own business after retirement to procure more cash as well. Other than that, Reuters (2012) additionally expressed that 31.4 percent of Americans matured from 65 to 69 were all the while working in year 2010, contrasted with year 1990 with a lower rate which is 21 percent. These demonstrated that Baby Boomers esteem cash as a significant inspiration factor. For instance, A Generation X representative tells a Boomer chief that he had been buckling down and demand for taking an off for family get-away. Rather than expressing profound gratitude, the Boomer answers, I work to excel, to get an advancement, not for an excursion. The Boomer supervisor at that point gave the representa tive a reward, instead of a get-away (Hammill, G., 2005). Interestingly, Generation X look for a work-life balance where they will take less cash on the off chance that they are offered chance to work lesser hours and have downtime to go through with family or get away. For them, cash go about as a motivator or prize yet it doesn't increase the value of the activity. While, Boomers are pulled in to position and much more cash as opposed to setting an incentive in the midst of a get-away time or strategic scheduling. As indicated by Mcshane (2010), Generation X and Generation Y representatives anticipate an increasingly populist work environment. For them, cash is a significant factor however it's anything but an independent. An examination by Accenture counseling firm found that half of center supervisors were keen on new position that give advantages, for example, additional time off instead of more compensation (Williams, R., 2010) Thus, cash is essential to representatives for nu mber of reasons. I immovably accept that cash is the major and greatest helper at the work environment. A portion of the inspiration hypothesis model additionally clarifies the significance of cash as a significant helper factor, for example, Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory, ERG Theory, Equity Theory and so on. 2.0 Content Maslows needs chain of command hypothesis As indicated by Maslow, the most essential needs on the requirements chain of command must be fulfilled before the following degree of necessities rise (Mcshane, 2010). Maslow expressed that individual needs are orchestrated in a chain of command from the lower level to the more significant level of requirements. It characterized singular needs into 5 levels which is physiological necessities, security needs, belongingness needs, regard needs and self-realization. Cash which is a fundamental requirements for endurance, as expressed by Maslow, it is significant as cash can get cover, food, garments, water and different necessaries of life to fulfill singular essential physical needs, for example, physiological and security needs. In actuality, laborer is spurred to work in the association to get monetary compensations to meet his essential needs. While, the association encourages a person to fulfill their essential needs by giving great pay rates, advantages and great working conditio n. Other than that, the most broad hypothetical clarification for cash significance is the way that it is helpful for acquiring numerous different things that we need and wish for in light of its representative worth (Davis, K. what's more, Newstrom, J. W., 2002). In this way, cash or pay satisfied individual drives and needs. Organization and association, for example, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), Tesco, Kelloggs, Siemens rouses its laborers by giving these fundamental needs any place they make work (McShane, 2010). Moreover, cash or pay is much of the time utilized as a standard utilized for correlation for economic wellbeing and individual achievement (Davis, K. furthermore, Newstrom, J. W., 2002). What's more, cash or pay can assist a person with acquiring a more significant level on Maslows inspirational necessities chain of command, including social regard and self-realization (Davis, K. what's more, Newstrom, J. W., 2002). For example, cash can cut the way towards social ackn owledgment, making it workable for early retirement, decent instruction for ones youngsters just as available time for delight. For instance, a chief propel his specialist by raises his laborers pay on the grounds that the laborer had worked superbly. The specialist felt he was regarded and remunerated just as greater security and was profoundly satisfied with this acknowledgment (Davis, K. also, Newstrom, J. W., 2002). Thus, cash or pay affected ones confidence just as sense of pride. ERG Theory In ERG hypothesis, needs influence a people conduct as depicted by Maslow. Alderfers ERG hypothesis redesigns Maslows five gatherings into three which is presence, relatedness, and development (McShane, 2010). Presence needs are equivalent to physiological and security needs as Maslow. Relatedness needs are equivalent to belongingness needs as Maslow. Development needs are simply a similar regard and self-realization needs. Dissimilar to Maslow, which just clarified how individuals progress up the order, ERG hypothesis likewise portrays how individuals relapse down the chain of importance when neglect to satisfies a higher needs (McShane, 2010). In another word, Alderfer proposed that more than one needs might be employable simultaneously. In like manner, accept that a medical caretaker who is looking for an advancement on the grounds that the advancement will raise her compensation. This advancement will elevate her to a head nurture position would help meeting the medical attendant s requirements for development too. After a delayed pause, she discovered that she was dropped from further thought. She gets baffled, disillusioned, and worried about her future. Her boss and her collaborators talk with her guaranteeing her that different open doors will happen and her incentive to other associates is unfathomable. Following barely any long stretches of feeling baffled, she diverted her requirement for the advancement to the relatedness classification and appears to make the most of her work and her partners. Besides, Alderfer likewise recommended that the inability to fulfill relatedness or development needs will cause restored enthusiasm for presence needs. For example, this may build the craving for more cash or for better working condition. In like manner, cash or pay which is the factor of presence needs. It drives individuals to go to work for endurance. Individual at the presence level who is allowed the chance to win extra $100 will be progressively inspire d contrast with somebody winning $100,000 every year. This can be clarified with McClellands hypothesis which low achiever see fiscal compensation as an end in itself while high achiever see financial prize as image of progress or accomplishment and criticism about occupation execution. Conversely, the significance of cash or pay is in fact a solid inspiration. It guarantees an individual essential should be met just as giving security and self-awareness and advancement as the laborer is allocate to perform greater obligation at work. Other than accomplishment, cash can be use to purchase alliance and force. For instance, individuals can utilize cash to purchase their way into costly clubs just as enabling them to impact others, for example, through political commitments. Besides, cash or pay is named a cleanliness factors in Frederick Herzbergs help cleanliness hypothesis. Herzberg recommended that director initially should improve the sterile states of work before attempting to ex pand inspiration. Negative clean conditions occupy workers since they are vital for building an establishment on which to keep up a sensible degree of inspiration in representatives. Along these lines, the job of cash or pay must not be disregarded. Hope Theory As per Victor Vrooms Expectancy hypothesis, the hypothesis expressed that work exertion is coordinated toward practices that individuals accept will prompt wanted results. That is, individuals are roused to accomplish the objectives with the most elevated anticipated result. For instance, an individual might be a high-performing representative since he accepts that this will prompt a legitimacy salary raise. This implies a representative must need more compensation or cash which is valence, must accept that exertion will be effective in delivering wanted execution which is anticipation, and must believe that the money related prize will follow better execution which is instrumentality. Most workers do react to cash as a prize. For example, an individual may favor a 10 percent merit increment instead of move to another office. In this manner, cash frequently has high valence. Similarly, pay or cash likewise assumes a bigger job in candidates work decisions. That is, a degree of pay mu st be met before an individual will even consider tolerating a proposition for employment. Organization that offer beginning compensation or pay underneath the market range won't in any event, being considered by the candidate. In another word, cash can pull in representative just as holding the worker, for example, offering significant compensations and expanded variable compensation. Value Theory In value hypothesis, the value rule surmises that individuals ought to be paid with respect to their commitment. The hypothesis places that people assess the reasonableness of their compensation by looking at their own proportion of data sources and results to the information and yield of other individual, for example, close colleagues, laborers in different organizations, or the representatives past work history. Furthermore, the hypothesis predicts that a person who sees his raise to be discriminatory is probably going to change his conduct in a few different ways like communicating disappointment to his manager, working more earnestly to get a greater raise one year from now, working less to align her contributions with his apparent results, or even quit the place of employment in appall. Subsequently, cash or pay level plainly gets significant as a results apparent by the representatives in return for their administrations. For example, it will influence representative practices on the off chance that it is cut. All things considered, workers are on high caution and touchy for each time managers make pay changes. It reflects contrasts in how the representatives are respected or esteem by the business. In another word, workers respond firmly to changes in pay. A case of worker response to underpayment disparity happened in an assembling plant that the organization cut 15 percent pay of al

THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Butterfly Effect† was maybe probably the best film I have ever observed. I thought that it was strange, intriguing and interesting. I needed to compose my response paper about â€Å"Butterfly Effect† on account of the comparability to the film we found in class called â€Å"Donnie Darko†. The two movies examine the issue of fate altogether. Both film had a male character that has recollections, dreams or power outages which make them from the start befuddled. Yet, later on, they understood the force they have so as to change their predetermination. The principle contrast between those two movies is their endings. While Donnie Darko has an awful completion, Butterfly impact closes progressively idealistic. We can say the finish of the film in â€Å"butterfly effect† is left to the crowd to decipher. Likewise Donnie Darko had the opportunity travel once yet the principle character Evan had the opportunity travel a few times. The two movies dazzled me m uch and changed my view about predetermination. However, the explanation I expound on ‘’ Butterfly Effect† is that it was more reasonable than â€Å"Donnie Darko†. (Hare) While watching the film my tension level was consistently at the top. A few focuses were kept enchanted and conflicting till the finish of the film. At the principal scenes in Film, it is somewhat difficult to comprehend what's going on, however later on, the story can be see without any problem. Toward the starting we know only that the principle character Evan is living with his mother and has an awful adolescence with brimming with missing recollections and power outages. He begun to get mental treatment right a... THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT Essay - articles examine papers â€Å"Butterfly Effect† was maybe perhaps the best film I have ever observed. I thought that it was strange, intriguing and entrancing. I needed to compose my response paper about â€Å"Butterfly Effect† on account of the similitude to the film we found in class called â€Å"Donnie Darko†. The two movies examine the issue of predetermination completely. Both film had a male character that has recollections, dreams or power outages which make them from the outset confounded. Be that as it may, later on, they understood the force they have so as to change their predetermination. The principle distinction between those two movies is their endings. While Donnie Darko has an awful closure, Butterfly impact closes increasingly hopeful. We can say the finish of the film in â€Å"butterfly effect† is left to the crowd to decipher. Likewise Donnie Darko had the opportunity travel once yet the fundamental character Evan had the opportunity travel a few times. The tw o movies intrigued me much and changed my view about predetermination. Yet, the explanation I expound on ‘’ Butterfly Effect† is that it was more reasonable than â€Å"Donnie Darko†. (Bunny) While watching the film my anticipation level was consistently at the top. A few focuses were kept enchanted and conflicting till the finish of the film. At the main scenes in Film, it is somewhat difficult to comprehend what's going on, however later on, the story can be see without any problem. Toward the starting we know only that the principle character Evan is living with his mother and has a terrible adolescence with loaded with missing recollections and power outages. He begun to get mental treatment right a...

South Portland

South Portland South Portland, port city (1990 pop. 23,163), Cumberland co., SW Maine, on the Fore River and Casco Bay, part of the Portland metropolitan area; separated from Falmouth (now Portland) as part of the town of Cape Elizabeth 1765, separated from Cape Elizabeth and inc. 1898. Ships have been built there since the 17th cent., and together with neighboring Portland it forms the Port of Portland. The city, which is eastern terminus of the Portland-Montreal oil pipeline, is an important East Coast oil port. South Portland produces varied light manufactures and is a wholesale and retail trade center. There is an international airport (located in both Portland and South Portland). The area was settled c.1633. Fort Preble (now Fort Williams) was built in Cape Elizabeth before the War of 1812. Portland Head Light, near the fort in Cape Elizabeth, is the oldest lighthouse (1791) on the Maine coast. The Univ. of Southern Maine is there. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

South Portland

South Portland South Portland, port city (1990 pop. 23,163), Cumberland co., SW Maine, on the Fore River and Casco Bay, part of the Portland metropolitan area; separated from Falmouth (now Portland) as part of the town of Cape Elizabeth 1765, separated from Cape Elizabeth and inc. 1898. Ships have been built there since the 17th cent., and together with neighboring Portland it forms the Port of Portland. The city, which is eastern terminus of the Portland-Montreal oil pipeline, is an important East Coast oil port. South Portland produces varied light manufactures and is a wholesale and retail trade center. There is an international airport (located in both Portland and South Portland). The area was settled c.1633. Fort Preble (now Fort Williams) was built in Cape Elizabeth before the War of 1812. Portland Head Light, near the fort in Cape Elizabeth, is the oldest lighthouse (1791) on the Maine coast. The Univ. of Southern Maine is there. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Between Corporate America And Our Military On...

Reading the prescribed chapters 4 and 7 in Diversity in the Workplace, I hemmed and hawed what workplace to target filled with heated debates aligned with their side, the other side and the truth. I will also provide my insights and observations onsite at a federal agency located in the Hudson County region recently. We have grown and continue to grow in technology, science, and math like the speed of light, however, when it comes to us on personal and interpersonal relations, I feel that we are little better than our ancestors nineteen generations ago. I am appalled as to what I hear coming out of the mouths of many educated and professional adults. My essay is regarding our United States Army, Department of Defense. Let me†¦show more content†¦The Army goes into great lengthy detail bragging on equal opportunity to all, and comments how they maintain competitive and wanting to attract highly skilled military and civilian workforce since the 1950’s employing over 1.4 million personnel. In the chapters read, I noticed my employer ranked number 34 nationwide for diversity, along with many of our clients mentioned too. Prior to DADT Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy implemented in the year of 2011, over 14,000 military men and women were wrongfully discharged for their sexual preference, costing the tax payers over $50,000 per each event! (Keys, Charley, and Cohen) How could someone’s sexual preference impact fighting against the enemies I ask myself? I have many friends and family who are gay, and never have I felt uncomfortable or threatened. Contrarily, while I stereotype I find the opposite with more compassion, kindness, and love. Maybe the issue lies with the person with the hand up? I had the privilege to meet with an officer who served in Iraq war and was willingly happy to share a few of her experiences from basic training to combat, behind a closed door. Over all, once she had proven herself to her platoon, she was treated as an equal. She commented on topics such as the backpack weighs 70 pounds and designed for males. The strap in the front rubs on the collar bo nes on a different location. Process improvement women now place a

Prosody Systematic Study of the Meter of Poetry

Prosody is a technical term used in linguistics and poetry to describe the patterns, rhythms or meters of a language. Prosody can refer to the rules for the pronunciation of a language as well as its versification. The correct pronunciation of words includes: enunciation,proper accentingmaking sure each syllable has its required length Syllable Length Syllable length doesnt seem terribly important for pronunciation in English. Take a word like laboratory. It looks as though it should be divided syllabically into: la-bo-ra-to-ry So it appears to have 5 syllables, but when someone from the U.S. or U.K. pronounces it, there are only 4. Oddly, the 4 syllables arent the same. Americans heavily stress the first syllable. lab-ra-,to-ry In the U.K. you probably hear: la-bor-a-,try When we stress a syllable, we hold it an extra time. The Latin for time is tempus and the word for the duration of time, especially in linguistics, is mora. Two short syllables or morae count for one long syllable. Latin and Greek have rules about whether a given syllable is long or short. More than in English, length is very important. Why You Need to Know About Prosody Whenever you read ancient Greek or Latin poetry you are reading the writing of a man or woman who has replaced the mundane with the loftier speech of poetry. Part of the flavor of the poetry is conveyed by the tempo of the words. To read the poetry woodenly without trying to grasp the tempo would be like reading sheet music without playing it even mentally. If such an artistic rationale doesnt motivate you to try to learn about Greek and Roman meter, hows this? Understanding the meter will help you to translate. Foot A foot is a unit of a meter in poetry. A foot will usually have 2, 3 or 4 syllables in Greek and Latin poetry. 2 Morae (Remember: one short syllable has one time or mora.) A foot composed of two short syllables is called pyrrhic. A pyrrhic foot would have two times or morae. 3 Morae A trochee is a long syllable followed by a short and an iam(b) is a short syllable followed by a long. Both of these have 3 morae. 4 Morae A foot with 2 long syllables is called a spondee. A spondee would have 4 morae. Uncommon feet, like the dispondee, can have 8 morae, and there are special, long patterned ones, like the Sapphic, named after the famous woman poet Sappho of Lesbos. Trisyllabic Feet There are eight possible feet based on three syllables. The two most common are: the dactyl, which is named visually for the finger, (long, short, short)the anapest (short, short, long). Feet of four or more syllables are compound feet. Verse A verse is a line of poetry using feet according to a specified pattern or meter. A meter can refer to a single foot in a verse. If you have a verse made up of dactyls, each dactyl is a meter. A meter is not always a single foot. For instance, in a line of iambic trimeter, each meter or metron (pl. metra or metrons) consists of two feet. Dactylic Hexameter If the meter is dactyl, with 6 meters in the verse, you have a line of dactylic hexameter. If there are only five meters, it is pentameter. Dactylic hexameter is the meter that was used in epic poetry or heroic poetry. There is one additional important bit of confusing information: the meter used in dactylic hexameter can be either dactyl (long, short, short) or a spondee (long, long). Meter for the AP Exam For the AP Latin - Vergil Exam, students need to know dactylic hexameters and be able to determine the length of each syllable. —UU|—UU|—UU|—UU|—UU|—X. The last syllable may be taken to be long since the sixth foot is treated as a spondee. Except in the fifth syllable, a long syllable can replace the two shorts (UU).

Wacoal International Aspect Free Essays

Thai Wassail’s general financial overview, from the year 2007 to year 2010, its total liabilities has been around 500 to 600 million baht, but in 2011, it has rose up to about 1,000 million baht, which will be further discussed in the later topic. As for its equity, it has been quite stable for the past five years, ranging from around 4,000 to 5,000 million baht. Capital Structure: Debt Financing vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Wacoal International Aspect or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Common Equity Financing A firm’s capital structure consists of debt financing and common equity financing. Thai Wassail’s debt o equity ratio is very low, so we can see that it prefers to use equity financing over debt financing. There are several reasons to a firm’s financing decision by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of each method. When a firm chooses to use debt financing, it would have to pay the cost of debt, which is the interest expenses. Advantage of using debt to finance is that the interest payments can be deducted from the business income taxes. However, disadvantages include the high cost of interest rates and high probability of bankruptcy when a rim’s unable to repay the debt. We can assume that Thai Waco do not prefer to finance its funds through debt due to these two advantages. Thai Waco instead chooses to use more of the equity financing; it would be through the use of retained earnings or through the issuance of new stocks. Advantage is that it will not have to keep up with the costs of interest payments to bank loans or debt finance, allowing the capital to be used solely on business activities. The funding source for Thai Wassail’s operations and investments came from its UAPITA and accumulated profits, without any debts carrying interest burdens. According to the financial statements at end 2010, the company had total liabilities of Baht 582. 96 million and shareholders’ equity of Baht 5,036. 50 million. The company’s liabilities shown in the financial statement consisted mostly of trade account payable and accrued expenses, which explains why the total liabilities have risen up to 582 million baht in 2010 compared to 2009. Long-Term Investments Thai Waco has registered long-term investments total of around 2,059 million baht, s compared to 1,586 million baht in the previous year, which shows an increase of 473 million baht. This was due to the largely increase in investment in debt securities and debentures. Thai Wassail’s long-term investments are classified into three segments. First segment includes the investment in related companies consisting of around 912 million baht. With its outstanding investments in other companies within the same group through cross-shareholding, such investments can support its related industries, which would in turn contribute to the company’s operations. Second segment includes investment in other companies consisting of around 41 5 million baht. By investing in several other businesses, Thai Waco could spread its risk over such business diversification. These companies have their own management authority, so there won’t be any interference of Thai Waco as they are completely independent. As the result of such investments, the company could be well assured of the support in the steady supplies of materials, components, products, services, know-how, together with favorable dividend benefit from the Meany’s satisfactory performances. The last segment is the investment in debt securities consisting of around 731 million baht. Reducing Foreign Exchange Rate Risk Thai Wassail’s business operation relies heavily on imports and exports in the foreign currencies, so they are exposed to the risks from foreign exchange rates fluctuation. Therefore, the company uses financial instruments such as the forward contracts in order to reduce exposure to such fluctuations in foreign currency exchange. It will help to protect Thai Waco from movements in exchange rate by establishing the ate at which was agreed upon to be settled. How to cite Wacoal International Aspect, Papers

Child development Essay Example For Students

Child development Essay By: Anonymous In a typical four year old child, many social developments can be viewed. Four year old children are more independent of adults, but yet they seem to want attention from them, as well as peers. They begin to ask permission and they find that the like to have an adult nearby. A child at this age tends to find companionship with the same sex friends, yet best friends change often. During cooperative play they use a lot of verbal speech. Not all physical factors appear to be genetically inherited. For example, the best-known example of this is the case of eye colors in Homosapiens; two brown-eyed parents can have a blue-eyed child if each of them carries the recessive gene for blue eyes as well as the dominant gene for brown eyes. Finally, what is important? With genetic cloning a fact, not a possibility, a society has to determine what is important to them in todays culture. Discussion such as Is it more important to have smart or good-looking children? Or, As a society will we allow genetic defects such as dwarfism? There is much controversy regarding this developing topic and I am sure much more to come. The previously cited article reports that most current psychologists admit that it is impossible to prove nature vs. nurture outcomes because there are such complex interactions that effect all development processes in a child. Growing up within the larger scheme of things is the concept of the Socioculture theme. This theory indicates that the community one grows up in has a great impact on what experiences, beliefs and values they will have. Every society changes over time. Some change rapidly; others seem to stay virtually unchanged for generations. But, however slowly, change does occur. Communication and language are two important aspects that play major roles in the socioculture development. Functions of communication such as, actions, words, behaviors, settings, topics and/or events all envelope the different forms and styles of communication that members of the group or culture utilize. Factors such as proximity, the space people need or use for themselves within a community, and the poverty cycle are very important in the development of an individual and a culture. Children are biologically predisposed to develop language and the environment triggers rather than serves as a stage of development. A child learns most and is most impressionable during the first five years of his life. Therefore, a child in poverty is exposed to his environment, and that is what they know, even before entering into the educational system. This has a lot to do with the continuation of the poverty cycle. Critical Thinking In Decision Making EssayRole of meshing in the early psychological development of an infant IMITATION Imitations can be viewed as a further advancement in building up psedo-dialogues by the infant imitating the facial gestures made by his care givers. This advanced unit of psedo -dialogues could consist of tongue protrusion, mouth opening , lip widening and pouting. These actions done by the infant could be a sign of his cognitive abilities. A study carried out by Pawlby (1977) by imitative sequences between mothers and their infants , was found out that between the ages of four months to ten months ,mother imitated their babies more than babies imitating their mothers, furthermore during this age period it .

Bacteria Relationships - Bacteria and Humans

Bacteria Relationships - Bacteria and Humans Bacteria are all around us and most people only consider these prokaryotic organisms to be disease-causing parasites. While it is true that some bacteria are responsible for a large number of human diseases, others play a vital role in necessary human functions such as digestion. Bacteria also make it possible for certain elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen to be returned to the atmosphere. These bacteria ensure that the cycle of chemical exchange between organisms and their environment is continuous. Life as we know it would not exist without bacteria to decompose waste and dead organisms, thus playing a key role in the flow of energy in environmental food chains. Are Bacteria Friend or Foe? The decision as to whether bacteria are friend or foe becomes more difficult when both the positive and negative aspects of the relationship between humans and bacteria are considered. There are three types of symbiotic relationships in which humans and bacteria coexist. The types of symbiosis are termed commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism is a relationship that is beneficial to the bacteria but does not help or harm the host. Most commensal bacteria reside on epithelial surfaces that come in contact with the external environment. They are commonly found on the skin, as well as in the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract. Commensal bacteria acquire nutrients and a place to live and grow from their host. In some instances, commensal bacteria may become pathogenic and cause disease, or they may provide a benefit for the host. In a mutualistic relationship, both the bacteria and the host benefit. For example, there are several kinds of bacteria that live on the skin and inside the mouth, nose, throat, and intestines of humans and animals. These bacteria receive a place to live and feed while keeping other harmful microbes from taking up residence. Bacteria in the digestive system assist in nutrient metabolism, vitamin production, and waste processing. They also aid in the hosts immune system response to pathogenic bacteria. Most of the bacteria that reside within humans are either mutual or commensal. A parasitic relationship is one in which the bacteria benefit while the host is harmed. Pathogenic parasites, which cause disease, do so by resisting the hosts defenses and growing at the expense of the host. These bacteria produce poisonous substances called endotoxins and exotoxins, which are responsible for the symptoms that occur with an illness. Disease-causing bacteria are responsible for a number of diseases including meningitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and several types of food-borne diseases. Bacteria: Helpful or Harmful? When all of the facts are considered, bacteria are more helpful than harmful. Humans have exploited bacteria for a wide variety of uses. Such uses include making cheese and butter, decomposing waste in sewage plants, and developing antibiotics. Scientists are even exploring ways for storing data on bacteria. Bacteria are extremely resilient and some are capable of living in the most extreme environments. Bacteria have demonstrated that they are able to survive without us, but we could not live without them.

Camille Pissaro essays

Camille Pissaro essays Camille Pissarro's painting style changed from one period of his career to another. Throughout his career his approach to his art stayed the same. He did his art work in a way that not only reflected what he saw but also who he was. Pissarro thought of light as "inseparable" from an object. With Pissarro's use of light it was easy to reach beyond what is seen and into emotion. Pissarro was born July 10th, 1830 on the Caribbean Island of St. Thomas. He went to a small boarding school in Paris at the age of 12. His director at this school told Pissaro to take advantage of his life in the tropics and draw what was around him. Pissarro lost interest in artists that were known as "masters", he was drawn more towards artist who did not conform to accepted styles. Pissarro strongly believed in free thoughts and speech. To Pissarro impressionism was a movement that allowed artistic freedom for artist. He was the one of the only impressionist artist to go to all the exhibitions. It was restrictive judges that influenced Pissarro and many other impressionists to form the "Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers." Though Pissarro could only sell a few of his paintings in his life times, today they go up for sale at about $4 million. Pissarro was one of the first painters to use science of color in art. The work of Camille Pissarro was a big part of influencing 19th century art, yet he is not one of the more wide known artists of his time. The painting "Red Roofs." shows some of the bare essentials of impressionism; the beautiful colors, the quick brush strokes, the wonderful nature scene. This picture can in a way take you away from wherever you are and just set you down right in the middle of the beautiful place. The bright colors of the fields in the background and the wonderful almost gray-blue sky really add a great feeling to this painting. The lines of this painting aren't what really defines the picture; i...

Problem discription Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem discription - Assignment Example To achieve this objective, we will utilize the LCB Career Service Center to identify the programs that can help management students apply the skills they have learnt as they prepare for their prospective careers. This memo will outline the need for practical experience for the LCB management students, the programs that will deal with the need and the motive of changing the method of meeting the need. Management students in would have advanced knowledge in their careers by having the exposure to the practical areas and participating in environments which offer them real-life application. The undergraduate students who spend some time in practical career fields are more likely to grasp the actual representations of their career which will help them make informed decisions when choosing their major. Class work gives the students the knowledge but the field gives them the practical perspective of the knowledge learnt in class. Practical knowledge helps students get employment faster after graduation because if experience. This is because such individuals are perceived to able to; The LCB Career Service Center provides programs efficiently designed to provide pre-business management students with practical skills in their career field so that they are able to make wise career choices. Some clubs in the university help business students gain the experience of the practical world in the business sector. Such clubs are Alpha Kappa Psi and Beta Alpha Psi. Joining these clubs would give students the exposure they need to familiarize with the practical world. This program helps Pre-Business students in making decision for selection of their majors although those already accepted in their major can also use it to increase their chances of employment after graduation. Here, students spend time with a professional from their fields of interest so that they can understand the job well from the practical perspective. LCB Career

How Do Privacy Rights Extend To Sexual Orientation Essay

How Do Privacy Rights Extend To Sexual Orientation - Essay Example The different laws that have been enacted in the United States of America and the roles that have been played by the Supreme Court and the political parties have to be taken into account when one is analyzing the reasons for the marginalization of the homosexual community and the reluctance that society has had in opening up to this community. In certain cases, the Supreme Court has refused to accord the same status to homosexual couples as heterosexual couples (Government by the People). This automatically assigns to these couples lower status that would induce them to conceal their sexual orientation a secret. In a lot of cases, people fail to recognize their own orientations because of the social stigma that is caused by judgments that place them on a lower level than their ‘straight’ counterparts. In these cases, there is a covert intrusion into the lives of these people that the state effects. While invading the privacy of these groups by marking locations where the ir sexuality can be expressed in terms of the very geographical boundaries within which people of a certain sexual orientation are allowed to make their sexual choices (the rights that homosexual couples have varies from one state to the other), the state also drags their problems into the public domain, thus making them face the stigma of a homophobic society. There are also cases when individuals of a homosexual orientation are not allowed to participate in certain associations which consist of only members of their own sex (Government by the People). This limits the choices that people of this community have and makes them make decisions that affect their privacy greatly.

Goods and Services Tax (GST) Advantages and Disadvantages

Goods and Services Tax (GST) Advantages and Disadvantages Executive summary On whether the goods and services tax uncertainty (GST) will be implemented in Malaysia and was eventually suppressed in 2013 October 25, the consumption tax in the 2014 budget will be announced in Malaysias first launched from 2015 April 1, 6%. It will replace the current sales and service tax. Consumption tax, also known as the value added tax (VAT), is a multi-phase of consumption tax. It is a broad-based consumption tax that covers all areas of the economy. All local production of goods and services imports will be taxed. Exceptions to this form of taxation are listed as zero for a specific commodity and service rated power supply, and dispense with the supply. Introduction of goods and services tax (GST), the first is the 2005 budget, to replace the existing sales and service tax structure in Malaysia announced. This new tax reform is expected to be implemented in January 2007, but the government has announced that in February 22, 2006, the implementation will be postponed to a later date. In 2010, the government is currently completing the final phase of the implementation of the consumption tax, in particular, to identify the impact of goods and services tax on society. Is the implementation of the consumption tax will witness, not only in the manufacturing industry and service industry will be affected, but also in other areas, such as education, health, transportation, financial services, agriculture, mining, oil, land, real estate and construction industry, telecommunications, electricity and water industry. In addition, the consumption tax will also be levied on the export service / international service, government, charity, clubs, associations and trade unions. After the introduction of the first consumer tax, there is a conflict of opinion. However, the consumption tax will also provide more income, and strengthen our economic future. According to Malaysian research of economic research professor Datuk Mohamaarif Abdul Karim, who is has been the strongest supporters of the consumption tax in Malaysia implementation of, former executive director believes that the consumption tax is not only a need to raise more revenue for the government, but also to disperse source of income.This will require the issuance of business between the preparation and consumption tax will become a heavy burden on the general publics view. Its time is too long to discuss and review the benefits of new tax implementation and the most important issue is to businesses and the public, they prefer a win-win situation. Datuk Jacob George, Subang and Shah Alam, Contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Research Background 1.1.1 Basic Concept of GST 1.1.2 Types and rates of GST 2.0 Consequences of GST 2.1 Expected Aggregate Consumption and Economic growth of Malaysia 3.0 Conclusion 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Why GST? 5.0 Conclusion 1.0 Introduction This chapter mainly discusses the research background, problem statement, research objectives, research questions and the significance of the research. 1.1 Research Background On whether the goods and services tax uncertainty (GST) will be implemented in Malaysia and was eventually suppressed in 2013 October 25, the consumption tax in the 2014 budget will be announced in Malaysias first launched from 2015 April 1, 6%. It will replace the current sales and service tax. Consumption tax, also known as the value added tax (VAT), is a multi-phase of consumption tax. It is a broad-based consumption tax that covers all areas of the economy. All local production of goods and services imports will be taxed. Exceptions to this form of taxation are listed as zero for a specific commodity and service rated power supply, and dispense with the supply. 1.1.1 Basic Concept of GST Consumption tax is the consumption of goods and services received at each stage of the supply chain. Although the consumption tax levied from the supplier until the supply chain of the retail stage, not the formation of a portion of the production cost of the GST payment business input can be required to protect the back of the. Therefore, there is a certain number of products through the supply chain is irrelevant, because in the early stages of payment of business input tax can always be canceled by the merchant in the supply chain. 1.1.2 Types and rates of GST Three categories of consumption tax will be used in Malaysia from 2015 to April 1st, the main difference between the rate and the method to deal with each tax. First of all, the standard level of supplies products and services, is charged with the standard rate. Business to charge a consumption tax, and pay to the government. They can submit an expense account provided by the credit to their tax input than the output of the tax. Second, the zero rate of supplies they bear a zero taxable goods and services. Enterprises can apply for income tax credit, they bring these supplies, it will be levied on the zero tax rate. Third, the exemption of supplies of non-taxable goods are eligible for tax deduction, which means they will not charge any taxes. Of course, the enterprise cant claim the input tax credit, when they put these materials. In addition, they are not eligible to receive the output tax for consumers 2.0 Consequences of GST GST is a broad-based tax. Therefore, it is generally considered a tax rebate. Now, return to the true meaning? In brief, a tax rebate is a burden to the poor, because it requires a relatively large proportion of the lower income. Most of the time, the foundation of a wide range of tax revenue is a serious concern to the policy makers. However, in spite of this, GST has been introduced in 160 countries in the world. These 160 countries, not all of them have experienced the consumption tax of the tired. Some developing countries, such as Vietnam, Ethiopia, and Pakistan, are facing a gradual GST, in no small part because these countries adopt the basic essentials, as well as the exemption of zero tax rate. As mentioned earlier, there is a concept of the GST is decreasing First impressions are strongest. This argument, however, does not take into account the fact that the basic essentials are not taxed in developing countries. When the element is taken into account, the value added tax c an be naturally progressive Another problem with the idea of a decision maker and the public is that the consumption tax will be inflation. There have been important debates and literature on this issue. For example, Saeed A. Bashur (2008) emphasize the introduction of business and services tax does not necessarily lead to inflation. He explained that this is because the definition of inflation is repeatedly rising, the average price over time, does not mean onceand for all to raise prices. Mukhopadhyay Sukumar (2005) said the GST could not, itself cause the rate to continue to increase the price level. But, nonetheless, Marty Viren (2008) found that over half of the tax increase (GST in this case) transferred to the consumer price. In our in-depth study of this issue, we will look at the implementation of the GST/ value added tax and its relationship with the changes in the choice of the year before and after the annual inflation rate? For this purpose, we expanded Table 1.1 to include inflation rates in the r espective countries. 2.1 Expected Aggregate Consumption and Economic growth of Malaysia The implementation of the VAT tends to stimulate public interest, sometimes becoming an important factor in the election. Many people believe that VAT would adversely affect the total consumption, and would undermine economic growth. In addition, the lower VAT rate is sometimes in a recession by stimulating economic growth, strengthening the total consumption of the argument. Miki (2011) told reporters, declining economic expansion, although overall consumption and consumption tax implemented, also increased consumption and overall economic growth in the consumption tax increase before. This will offset the negative impact after filling. Other economists say the impact of the VAT rate is only temporary, so we should not be afraid of it. Logically, if there is a declared government will implement VAT, certainly people will buy that can be raised before the VAT rate of inventory items. Subsequently, after the implementation of VAT, the total consumption will fall, because people will use them before the stock to replace the VAT buy new items to purchase. In this case, economic growth will decline. After this, the total consumption will gradually grow to their stock ran out, the need to purchase new items. Therefore, the impact of the VAT change is easy to understand the theory, but it is difficult to grasp the importance of this effect in practice. Needless to say, the total consumption and economic growth not only changes in the VAT rate to determine. Hamburg (1954) and Barro (1991) shows that the total consumption by income, wealth, interest rates, the age distribution of the population to determine. 3.0 Conclusion What constitutes an ugly truth? The traditional definition of an ugly truth is a reality is a painful acceptance, but because it is called the true, it is necessary to accept it.. So what constitutes a beautiful lie? The traditional definition of a beautiful lie is what people really want that is true, but people know it is not. From the governments point of view, the government has been trying to persuade the public to replace the sales and service tax with GST will not lead to price increases, even though they know that this may not be the case. This will create an ex post behavior that people believe that the price of goods and services will not increase, causing inflation expectations to disappear. If there is little or no increase in the consumption tax, it will be a beautiful lie. All in all, GST is the ugly truth in Malaysia or a beautiful lie? Our results refer to forward. GST in Malaysia is an ugly truth. Let us emphasize two points again. First, the government has always claimed that 6% of the consumption tax will replace 16% of sales and service tax. On paper, it sounds like a good. People will think that there is a tax cut of 10%. However, the fact is that there will be an increase of 2% from 4% to 6%. Secondly, the Chinese government has always insisted that the price of goods and services will not increase. People will still spend and the economy will grow to predict. However, our results show that prices will increase in the short and long term, the decline of precipitation in domestic consumption. Economic growth will be blocked. 4.0 Introduction Introduction of goods and services tax (GST), the first is the 2005 budget, to replace the existing sales and service tax structure in Malaysia announced. This new tax reform is expected to be implemented in January 2007, but the government has announced that in February 22, 2006, the implementation will be postponed to a later date. In 2010, the government is currently completing the final phase of the implementation of the consumption tax, in particular, to identify the impact of goods and services tax on society. Is the implementation of the consumption tax will witness, not only in the manufacturing industry and service industry will be affected, but also in other areas, such as education, health, transportation, financial services, agriculture, mining, oil, land, real estate and construction industry, telecommunications, electricity and water industry. In addition, the consumption tax will also be levied on the export service / international service, government, charity, clubs, associations and trade unions. After the introduction of the first consumer tax, there is a conflict of opinion. However, the consumption tax will also provide more income, and strengthen our economic future. According to Malaysian research of economic research professor Datuk Mohamaarif Abdul Karim, who is has been the strongest supporters of the consumption tax in Malaysia implementation of, former executive director believes that the consumption tax is not only a need to raise more revenue for the government, but also to disperse source of income.This will require the issuance of business between the preparation and consumption tax will become a heavy burden on the general publics view. Its time is too long to discuss and review the benefits of new tax implementation and the most important issue is to businesses and the public, they prefer a win-win situation. Datuk Jacob George, Subang and Shah Alam, President of the Consumers Association for people to accept any new form of tax , the government must make significant efforts, to education and to the consumer explain clearly on the new tax and how it will benefit them in the long term run.It must to the confidence of the public, they pay to the government the surcharge is well managed, in line with the best interests of their. In addition, the main difficulty of the changes to do not have any preparation. According to the tax expert Dr. Arjunan, theres always a change of resistance, or even better. The main challenge is to solve the mentality of the taxpayer. They need to be educated in this new indirect tax method. In addition, the consumption tax law is one of the most supreme opinion of the law of consumption tax law. In addition, the importance of goods and services tax is due to it is not only related to the issue of tax reasons, but it is a comprehensive problem, it cannot be taken for granted. 4.1 Why GST? In the current environment, there are two acts of its management is called sales tax in 1972 (Act 64) and Services Tax in 1975 (Act 151) of goods and services. These two taxes are handled by the Royal Malaysian Customs (Customs). Sales tax on consumers who consume taxable goods, then collected and accountable to the Customs by commercial enterprises. Service tax is imposed on the other hand, consumers who consume food or service, such as in hotels, health center premises or engaged in professional services, such as auditing firms and the services of the second program service tax regulations in 1975 listed Two basic consumer sales and service tax is a single stage tax levied at the consumption stage. It is called a single-stage tax due to the fact that tax is only one, or at the input or output stage. Compared to the existing sales and service tax, excise duty and value added tax (VAT) is a multi-stage tax. This is due to the tax paid in the production and sale of intermediaries at e very stage. In other words the consumption tax levied at every level of the production and distribution chain until the end consumer. In the pursuit of realization of goods and services tax in Malaysia, the government has set up a tax review panel includes representatives from the public sector and the private sector. Scope tax review panel include developing concept, legislation, processes and procedures of the consumption tax. As a reference group to review several countries, including New Zealand goods and services Tax 1985 Act so far, the United Kingdom VAT Act 1994, tax laws of the Republic of South Africa in 1991, the VAT tax, goods and services in 1991, the Canadian document, goods and services Tax sales tax luxury goods and services, Singapore 2000 Indonesia 1993 Act, the new system (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, Australia, Thailand, in 1992 VAT Act, VAT and Sales Tax in 1990 Pakistan. In Singapore, Pheng and Loi (1994) explained that the ideal of GST is in Singapore due to the following reasons: In order to reduce reliance on direct taxes To maintain a lower corporate tax rate In order to reduce the dependence on personal income tax, due to the problem of population aging in Singapore In Malaysia, the introduction of goods and services tax purposes is to reduce the countrys growing budget deficit, so it is the purpose of improving tax collection and management. Veerinderjet believes that the target is a goods and services tax is full range (i.e., covering extensive or a wide range of goods and services base), and effective implementation, in order to have a stable source of revenue. Overall, the introduction of goods and services in Malaysia is to achieve the following objectives: To avoid tax cascades, multi tax and transfer pricing bias; To improve tax compliance and reduce tax avoidance and tax evasion; In order to realize the self supervision, reduce bureaucratic unnecessary and overelaborate formalities to reduce administrative costs; To further reduce the operating costs of enterprises by providing tax credits for business, In order to improve the competitiveness of Malaysia and improve efficiency 5.0 Conclusion Today, GST is an important issue in Malaysia, but it is believed that this will raise taxes on consumer income. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the commodity and service tax, all parties must be fully prepared, and give it full commitment. The public should not just rely on the government only to ensure its success, but the responsibility of the IE browser is particularly for the enterprise. Perhaps, by continuously reducing corporate taxes from 28% to 26% in 2008 has been mentioned in the 2007 budget, it will give the people a comfortable room, the company to submit to the consumer tax. The most important is that the consumption tax in the early course of the implementation of any weak link, should be improved and re designed to create a win-win situation involved in all the parties. As a conclusion, GST will enable the public to strengthen Malaysias economy and improve the quality of life

Teacher and Student Relationships :: Education Discipline Essays

The teacher student relationship is very important for children. Children spend approximately 5 to 7 hours a day with a teacher for almost 10 months. We ask ourselves what is considered a good teacher? All of us have gone through schooling, and if fortunate had a favorite teacher. A positive relationship between the student and the teacher is difficult to establish, but can be found for both individuals at either end. The qualities for a positive relationship can vary to set a learning experience approachable and inviting the students to learn. A teacher and student who have the qualities of good communications, respect in a classroom, and show interest in teaching from the point of view of the teacher and learning from a student will establish a positive relationship in the classroom. I will be focusing on the relationship between the student and teacher, involving a setting in the primary grades, which I have found second grade to be extremely important for the student to gain a po sitive attitude for their future education. Children have different strategies for learning and achieving their goals. A few students in a classroom will grasp and learn quickly, but at the same time there will be those who have to be repeatedly taught using different techniques for the student to be able to understand the lesson. On the other hand, there are those students who fool around and use school as entertainment. Teaching then becomes difficult, especially if there is no proper communication. Yet, teachers, creating a positive relationship with their students, will not necessarily control of all the disruptive students. The book, Responsible Classroom Discipline written by Vernon F. Jones and Louise Jones discuss how to create a learning environment approachable for children in the elementary schools. According to the Jones, â€Å" Student disruptions will occur frequently in classes that are poorly organized and managed where students are not provided with appropriate and interesting instructional tasks† (101) . The key is, teachers need to continuously monitor the student in order for him or her to be aware of any difficulties the student is having. Understanding the child’s problem, fear, or confusion will give the teacher a better understanding the child’s learning difficulties. Once the teacher becomes aware of the problems, he or she will have more patience with the student, thus making the child feel secure or less confused when learning is taking place in the classroom.

Using Quantitative Analysis as an Effective Tool

For most of business history, decision making was based on qualitative individual judgements that had only crude data behind them. Retailers decided what to stock based on â€Å"gut instinct† of a prospective buyer, not on the basis of vital models of consumer behavior. The increasing need for quality research, especially in the area of quantitative analysis, has forced many companies to employ managers and leaders with specific training in this field. The successful companies of today utilize quantitative analysis as a tool to find and solve many different problems. These problems can be as diverse as: evaluating financial benefits, projecting future performance, and determining the savings or simplification of a process. Companies such as Coca Cola, Microsoft and Intel are the leaders in their respective fields because, they effectively utilize the tools at hand to make informed decisions. The key element of any â€Å"problem solving† method is to gather the information necess! ary to make an informed decision. Cooper & Schindler (1998) discusses the vital need for quality research and quantitative analysis. By utilizing â€Å"quantitative analysis† (Cooper & Schindler, 1998), we can project growth and opportunities for future business. This case study will focus on three key aspects of quantitative analysis as an effective management tool: (1) quantitative analysis procedure, (2) Cost effective analysis evaluates results or outcomes, and (3) cost impact-determine cost or impact associated with a process. Finally, specific company examples Ballard Power Systems, Atlantic-ACM, and Brix Networks will be cited. Quantitative Analysis Procedure-Select Alternatives with Best Sustainable Advantage Numbers are a businessman†s best friend. They are first of all, the measure of success. They are increasingly a critical tool for almost every kind of analysis and planning. However, let it be said that quantitative analysis is only as good as the data supporting the analysis. Ballard Power Systems, Inc. was founded in 1979 under the name Ballard Research Inc. to conduct research and development in high-energy lithium batteries. In 1983, Ballard began developing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. According to Ballard (2001), the company utilized quantitative analysis procedures to project out their long-term goals. The problem defined was: how to commercialize the fuel cell successfully? The possible alternatives were: (1) market the product on their own, and (2) find strategic partners who would integrate this key component into competitive products. The cost or impact on alternative number (1) was too expensive and too risky. Alternative number (2) was the s! martest and most logical course to follow. The effectiveness of alternative number (2) could be projected out with a much higher degree of certainty than alternative number (1). The value of working in conjunction with partners was simple. By leveraging combined efforts: (1) obtaining capital was simplified, (2) mass production was a reality, (3) access to critical markets was realized, (4) service coverage was assured, and (5) it would lower the manufacturing cost and speed up the development of the fuel cell. Alternative number (2) provided Ballard with the best sustainable advantage. By securing alliances with selected global players in Ballard†s target market, the benefits of clean, efficient, and reliable power in a wide spectrum of potential applications could be delivered effectively. Cost-Effective Analysis-Evaluates Results or Outcomes According to Atlantic-ACM (2001), the company is an international strategy consulting and research firm well known for it†s exclusive analysis of the telecommunicatiuons industry in the United States. One of the types of quantitative studies (Cooper & Schindler, 1998) cost effectiveness analysis was used by Atlantic-ACM to study the U. S wholesale market, wholesale long distance. Using the industry â€Å"carrier report card,† a type of survey that provides a quantitative analysis of the overall size and composition of the current wholesale market, Atlantic-ACM was able to project the qrowth and opportunities for future business in the wholesale long distance market. The survey revealed (Atlantic-ACM, 2001) a shifting industry in which new entrants are actively gaining market share over the traditional â€Å"three players,† MCI, AT&T, and Sprint. The exploding data/internet demand, expanding networks, evolving technologies, developing channels, and de-regulating global markets have lo! ered the cost of long distance time and time again. The statistical data gleaned in the survey showed that wholesalers cannot compete on price alone. The outcome of the survey showed that resellers must receive more support from wholesalers to help drive sales of their products and services to the end users. Cost Impact-Determines Cost or Impact Associated with a Process Brix Networks (2001) commissioned Sage Research to conduct a survey of 148 U. S organizations ranging in size from 500 to more than 10,000 employees. The type of quantitative studies utilized by Sage Research was cost impact. Cost impact determines the cost or impact associated with a process. The process in question was service level agreements. The service level agreement in question is an agreement between enterprise businesses and ISPs. The process is the successful implementation of the SLAs. According to Brix Networks (2001) over half of the enterprise IT professionals surveyed, said that services such as web hosting, e-mail, IP VPNs, with guaranteed SLAs have more than 30% more value than the same services without guaranteed SLAs. Service providers who provide guaranteed SLAs in the service contract were more likely to develop a loyal customer base than providers without SLA guarantees. Considering the fact that approximately one third of enterprises change provi! ders as a result of SLA disputes and nearly one quarter give poor recommendations about their provider to others, it seems fair to say that there is a definite cost impact to providers with no SLAs. Companies wishing to do well in the highly competitive ISP business need effective SLAs as part of their contracts with customers. The outcome of not having SLAs is simple: companies will lose their customer base to companies with SLAs. As this case study has shown, Cooper &Schindler (1998) described three aspects of quantitative analysis: (1) quantitative analysis procedure, (2) Cost-effective analysis-evaluates results or outcomes, and (3) cost impact-determines cost or impact associated with a process. In the examples discussed, Ballard Power Systems realized a need to expand their business globally by merging with strategic partners able to effectively deliver the benefits of clean, efficient, and reliable power in a wide spectrum of potential applications. Utilizing the quantitative analysis procedure to identify alternatives/costs/benefits, estimate the value of each, compare costs to benefits and, finally, select the best alternative with the best sustainable advantage enabled Ballard to reach a decision that would ultimately allow them to reach their goals effectively. Atlantic-ACM utilized cost effective analysis to determine that in order for wholesalers to sell their products effectively they ne! eded to provide resellers with more marketing support to help drive sales of their products and services to end users. Finally, Brix Networks commissioned Sage Research to conduct a survey of 148 businesses ranging in size from 500 to more than 10,000 employees. The survey conducted was a type of quantitative study called cost impact. Cooper & Schindler (1998), defines cost impact as â€Å"determines the cost or impact associated with a process. † The process was the SLA or Service Level Agreement in place between enterprise businesses and ISPs. The results of the study showed that ISPs providing SLA agreements in their contracts were more likely to keep their customer base. However, ISPs with no SLA†s in place were one third more likely to lose their customers because of SLA disputes. In conclusion it is this authors view that a company†s willingness to utilize quantitative analysis as a management tool coupled with good research, will affect the decisions of tomorrow. However, it should be stressed that there is also a danger in numbers. Numbers can often give a false sense of certainty and objectivity and can become a cheap substitute for knowledge, experience and judgement. The challenge for managers and leaders is to know when to ignore the numbers and go with gut instinct.

Learning About German Dialects

Youre not always going to hear  Hochdeutsch German-learners who step off the plane in Austria, Germany, or Switzerland for the first time are in for a shock if they know nothing about  German dialects. Although standard German (Hochdeutsch) is widespread and commonly used in typical business or tourist situations, there always comes a time when you suddenly cant understand a word, even if your German is pretty good. When that happens, it usually means you have encountered one of the many dialects of German. (Estimates on the number of German dialects vary, but range from about 50 to 250. The large discrepancy has to do with the difficulty in defining the term dialect.) This is a perfectly understandable phenomenon if you realize that in the early middle ages in what is now the German-speaking part of Europe there existed ONLY the many different dialects of the various Germanic tribes. There was no common German language until much later. In fact, the first common language, Latin, was introduced by the Roman incursions into the Germanic region, and one can see the result in German words like  Kaiser  (emperor, from Caesar) and  Student. This linguistic patchwork also has a political parallel: there was no country known as Germany until 1871, much later than most of the other European nation-states. However, the German-speaking part of Europe does not always coincide with current political borders. In parts of eastern France in the region known as Elsace-Lorraine (Elsaß) a German dialect known as Alsatian (Elsà ¤ssisch) is still spoken today. Linguists divide the variations of German and other languages into three main categories:Dialekt/Mundart  (dialect),  Umgangssprache  (idiomatic language, local usage), and Hochsprache/Hochdeutsch  (standard German). But even linguists disagree about the precise borderlines between each category. Dialects exist almost exclusively in spoken form (despite transliteration for research and cultural reasons), making it difficult to pin down where one dialect ends and another begins. The Germanic word for dialect,  Mundart,  emphasizes the word of mouth quality of a dialect (Mund   mouth). Linguists may disagree on a precise definition of just what a dialect is, but anyone who has heard the  Plattdeutsch  spoken in the north or the  Bairisch  spoken in the south knows what a dialect is. Anyone who has spent more than a day in German Switzerland knows that the spoken language,Schwyzerdytsch,  is quite different from the  Hochdeutsch  seen in Swiss newspapers such as the  Neue Zà ¼rcher Zeitung  . All educated speakers of German learn  Hochdeutsch  or standard German. That standard German may come in various flavors or accents (which is not the same thing as a dialect).  Austrian German, Swiss (standard) German, or the  Hochdeutsch  heard in Hamburg versus that heard in Munich may have a slightly different sound, but everyone can understand each other. Newspapers, books, and other publications from Hamburg to Vienna all display the same language, despite minor regional variations. (There are fewer differences than those between British and American English.) One way to define dialects is to compare which words are used for the same thing. For example, the common word for mosquito in German may take any of the following forms in various German dialects/regions:  Gelse, Moskito, Mugge, Mà ¼cke, Schnake, Staunze.  Not only that, but the same word may take on a different meaning, depending on where you are.  Eine (Stech-) Mà ¼cke  in northern Germany is a mosquito. In parts of Austria the same word refers to a gnat or house fly, while  Gelsen  are mosquitos. In fact, there is no one universal term for some German words. A jelly-filled doughnut is called by three different German names, not counting other dialectical variations.Berliner, Krapfen  and  Pfannkuchen  all mean doughnut. But a  Pfannkuchen  in southern Germany is a pancake or crepe. In Berlin the same word refers to a doughnut, while in Hamburg a doughnut is a  Berliner. In the next part of this feature, well look more closely at the six major German dialect branches that extend from the German-Danish border south to Switzerland and  Austria, including a German dialect map. Youll also find some interesting related links for German dialects. German Dialects If you spend any time in almost any part of the German  Sprachraum  (language area) you will come into contact with a local dialect or idiom. In some cases, knowing the local form of German can be a matter of survival, while in others its more a matter of colorful fun. Below we briefly outline the six major German dialect branches-running generally from north to south. All are subdivided into more variations within each branch. Friesisch (Frisian) Frisian is spoken in the north of Germany along the North Sea coast. North Frisian is located just south of the border with Denmark. West Frisian extends into modern Holland, while East Frisian is spoken north of Bremen along the coast and, logically enough in the North and East Frisian islands just off the coast. Niederdeutsch (Low German/Plattdeutsch) Low German (also called Netherlandic or Plattdeutsch) gets its name from the geographic fact that the land is low (nether,  nieder; flat,  platt). It extends from the Dutch border eastward to the former German territories of Eastern Pommerania and East Prussia. It is divided into many variations including: Northern Lower Saxon, Westphalian, Eastphalian, Brandenburgian, East Pommeranian, Mecklenburgian, etc. This dialect often more closely resembles English (to which it is related) than standard German. Mitteldeutsch (Middle German) The Middle German region stretches across Germanys middle from Luxembourg (where the Letztebuergisch sub-dialect of  Mitteldeutsch  is spoken) eastward into present-day Poland and the region of Silesia (Schlesien). There are too many sub-dialects to list here, but the main division is between West Middle German and East Middle German. Frà ¤nkisch (Frankish) The East Frankish dialect is spoken along Germanys Main river pretty much in Germanys very center. Forms such as South Frankish and Rhine Frankish extend northwesterly towards the Moselle river. Alemannisch (Alemannic) Spoken in Switzerland north along the Rhine, extending farther north from Basel to Freiburg and almost to the city of Karlsruhe in Germany, this dialect is divided into Alsatian (west along the Rhine in todays France), Swabian, Low and High Alemannic. The Swiss form of Alemannic has become an important standard spoken language in that country, in addition to  Hochdeutsch, but it is also divided into two main forms (Bern and Zurich). Bairisch-Ãâ€"sterreichisch (Bavarian-Austrian) Because the Bavarian-Austrian region was more unified politically-for over a thousand years-it is also more linguistically uniform than the German north. There are some subdivisions (South, Middle, and North Bavarian, Tyrolian, Salzburgian), but the differences are not very significant.   Note: The word  Bairisch  refers to the language, while the adjective  bayrisch  or  bayerisch  refers to  Bayern  (Bavaria) the place, as in  der Bayerische Wald, the Bavarian Forest.